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哮喘 Asthma關(guān)于機(jī)制和典型癥狀

2018-04-17 來(lái)源:過(guò)敏性哮喘、哮喘疾病常識(shí)   標(biāo)簽: 掌上醫(yī)生 喝茶減肥 一天瘦一斤 安全減肥 cps聯(lián)盟 美容護(hù)膚
摘要:如果病人用藥后效果不佳,先要了解是否正確使用,再考慮使用spacer避免藥物沒(méi)吸入氣管內(nèi),最后考慮是否遵醫(yī)囑用藥了。
哮喘一般診斷都是兒童青少年,很少有中老年才確診診斷為哮喘的。
 
Asthma most likely to be diagnosed at young patients, and not common to be first diagnosed among senior patients.

關(guān)于機(jī)制和典型癥狀
 
For path and typical symptoms/signs, please refer to the image above.
 
診斷 Dx
 
Albuterol:沙丁胺醇 (短效的β激動(dòng)劑)
 
Increase in FEV of more than 12% with the use of Albuterol
 
Decrease in FEV1 of more than 20% with the use of methacholine or histamine
 
For the flow chart above, the FEV1/FVC decrease of PFTS means OLD.
 
A bronchial challenge test is a medical test used to assist in the diagnosis of asthma.
 
The patient breathes in nebulized methacholine or histamine. Thus the test may also be called a methacholine challenge test or histamine challenge test respectively. Both drugs provoke bronchoconstriction, or narrowing of the airways. Whereas histamine causes nasal and bronchial mucus secretion and bronchoconstriction via the H1 receptor, methacholine utilizes the M3 receptor for bronchoconstriction.

治療 Tx
 
如果病人用藥后效果不佳,先要了解是否正確使用,再考慮使用spacer避免藥物沒(méi)吸入氣管內(nèi),最后考慮是否遵醫(yī)囑用藥了。
 
Use inhaler properly? Then consider Spacer to make sure the medication getting into their lungs instead of mouth. Then consider Medcation adherence.
 
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